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Objective To analyze the features of menopausal syndrome and its risk factors in patients from menopausal outpatient clinic,and further to evaluate menopausal syndrome and standardization managenent pathway of treatment.Methods The objects were enrolled in the menopausal outpatient clinic from Apr.2010 to May.2015,completing the self-designed questionnaires through one-by-one interview,including demographic information,and modified Kupperman Index.Results The average age of 907 menopausal women was 51.74+4.94 (aging from 30 to 70 years old).The incidence of (peri-)menopause syndrome was 95.7％,increasing with the prolonging of menopausal duration.The incidence and severity of surgery-related menopausal syndrome were higher than those of natural menopause.The five most frequent symptoms were:fatigue (84.6％) ＞ insomnia (77.3％) ＞ hot flashes sweating (76.3％) ＞ mood swings (72.3％) ＞ joint pains and heart palpitations (72.1％).Other factors such asage,menopausal status etc.also affected the menopausal symptoms.Conclusions Prevalence of (peri-) menopausal syndromes was high and it has many influencing factors.The incidence and severity of surgery-related menopausal syndrome are higher than those of natural menopause.
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OBJECTIVE:To discuss the mode and feasibility of informatization and automation construction in the inpatient pharmacy. METHODS:The practice of informatization and automation construction of inpatient pharmacy in our hospital was intro-duced,as well as the change of drug dispensing model. The influence of them on drug dispensing process was analyzed. RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:2 automatic single dose tablets dispense packing machines,2 rapid dispensing machines and 2 automatic injec-tion chests are introduced in automatic inpatient pharmacy of our hospital. The informatization construction contain the establish-ment of inpatient pharmacy database,drug dispensing and recheck,the application of code,etc. Due to the implementation of auto-matic drug dispensing information system,drug dispensing mode have changed,i.g. drug dispensing by area instead of wards;in-jection and large volume transfusion are dispensed by wards;oral preparation and discharge medication are dispensed by prescrip-tion;dispensed drugs are distributed to wards with professional logistics. The implementation of informatization and automation of inpatient pharmacy in our hospital improve pharmaceutical administration and pharmaceutical care,and add automatic expiry date management and code tracking to guarantee the accuracy,timeliness and high efficiency of drug dispensing.
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Objective To explore the impacts of natural ovulation cycles and stimulation cycles on the outcome of intrauterine insemination (IUI) in order to improve the clinical effects of IUI. Methods 176 women received 384 stimulation cycles. According to different ovulation stimulation protocols , the women were divided into six groups including natural cycle (NC) group, clomiphene citrate (CC) group, letrozole (LE) group;human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG ) group, CC + HMG group, and LE + HMG group. The pregnancy rate between nature cycles and ovarian hyperstimulation cycles was compared. Results The pregnancy rate was 9.33%in the nature cycle group and 13.27% in the stimulation cycle group, with a significant difference (P 0.05). Conclusions Use of ovulation-induction medications is one of the important factors affecting the pregnancy rate of intrauterine insemination. There are no differences in the outcome of IUI among different ovulation stimulation protocols.
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The outpatient service system at Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital came into use since April 2009.Data from Jan.2010 to Oct.2010 and interviews with employees of department in question showed a rapid growth of outpatient appointments,a poor handling of outpatients absenteeism,and poor integration among the platforms of the appointments.The development of outpatient services depends on behavioral change of both medical workers and consumers.Some measures could be employed to improve outpatient appointment within the current mechanism.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the selective mechanism of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)for osteoblast via ERβ. Methods High expression of ERβ in hMG63-ERβ group ( infected with pWPTERβ), gene silencing of ERβ in hMG63-shERβ group (infected with pLVTHM-GFP/ERβ-shRNA) and hMG,63 group (control) were cultured and treated with 1 × 10-7 mol/L DHEA, with or without U0126 and etoposide. The proliferation and apoptosis of hMG63 were evaluated by flow cytometry. The mRNA level of estrogen receptor subtype was detected by reverse transcription-PCR. ResultsThe expression of ERβ in hMG63-ERβ group and hMG63-shERβ group were increased 7. 39 times and decreased 17％ compared with that in hMG63 group (control). DHEA could increase ERβ expression in hMG63 in each group, however, it did not influence the expression of ERα mRNA. When the level of ERβ was high, DHEA could accelerate the proliferation [proliferation index were ( 81.6 ± 7.6) ％ in hMG,63-ERβ, ( 75.0 ± 5.3 ) ％ in hMG63, P ＜ 0. 05]and inhibit the apoptosis [apoptosis rate were ( 12.2 ± 1.6) ％ in hMG63-ERβ, ( 14. 6 ± 1.5 ) ％in hMG63, P ＜0. 0 1], which was blocked by U0126 [proliferation index were (33. 2 ± 2. 0)％ in hMG63-ERβ, (41.2 ± 2. 4) ％ in hMG63, apoptosis rate were (40. 5 ± 4. 3 ) ％ in hMG63-ERβ, (43.3 ± 4. 1 ) ％in hMG63, all P ＜0. 05]. When the expression of ERβ was silenced, DHEA could not inhibit the apoptosis of hMG63 anymore. ConclusionDHEA selectively act on osteoblasts via the dominant expression of ERβ.
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Objective To investigate the effects of ethinylestradiol and cyproterone acetate tablets(Diane-35)on endocrine metabolism in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS). Methods Fifty-three non-obese patients with PCOS were assigned to the 6-month treatment with Diane-35.Body mass index(BMI),waist to hip ratio(WHR),F-G score and acne score were recorded before treatment and at the end of the third and sixth cycle after treatment.Serum total testosterone,follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),LH/FSH,fast plasma glucose,fast insulin and insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR)were obtained at early follicular phase and at the end of the third and sixth month.Results There was no significant change in BMI and WHR after treatment.Compared with those before treatment.F-G score,acne score,serum total testosterone,LH and LH/FSH were significantly decreased at two time points after treatment (P<0.05).BMI and HOMA-IR in patients with insulin resistance were significantly higher at the end of the sixth cycle after treatment than those before treatment(P<0.05). Conclusion Diane-35 can improve hyperandrogenism in non-obese patients with PCOS.However,Diane-35 may aggravate insulin resistance in those with insulin resistance.
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Objective To investigate the inhibition and radiosensitization effects of Topotecan(TPT)on cervical cancer cell line HeLa,and make comparison with Cisplatin(DDP)and Taxol(TAX).Methods The effects of TPT,DDP and TAX on proliferation of cervical cancer cell line HeLa were evaluated by MTT assay.The radiosensitization effects of TPT,DDP and TAX on HeLa cells were detected by clone formation assay,and the sensitization enhancement ratios of TPT,DDP and TAX were calculated.Results The IC_(50) of TPT at different reaction time(24 h,48 h and 72 h)were 8.0μg/mL,2.6 μg/mL and 0.8 μg/mL,respectively,those of DDP were 2.4 μg/mL,0.7 μg/mL and 0.1μg/mL,respectively,and those of TAX were 0.3 μg/mL,0.1μg/mL and 0.0 μg/mL, respectively.The apoptosis rates of tumor cells treated by radiosensitization were significantly higher than those of tumor cells treated by single radiotherapy or single chemotherapy (P<0.05).The sensitization enhancement ratios of TPT at 24 h and 48 h were 1.167 and 1.344,respectively,those of DDP were 1.314 and 1.538,respectively,and those of TAX were 1.076 and 1.316,respectively.Conclusio TPT,DDP and TAX have significant inhibition effects on cervical cancer cell line HeLa, which are time-dependant and dose-dependant. Besides,TPT,DDP and TAX have radiosensitizing effects, with DDP being the strongest and TAX being the weakest.
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Objective To evaluate the impact of bilateral ovariectomy in post-menopausal women by comparison of climacteric symptoms before and after operation. Methods Post-menopausal women who received hysterectomy with concurrent bilateral ovariectomy on benign uterine indications were recruited.Climacteric symptoms before and after operation were accessed by a questionaire including modified Kupperman Index.Comparison was made after grouping the patients into early menopause group,whose menopausal period was no more than 5 years,and late menopause group,whose menopausal period was more than 5 years. Results Among a total of 95 individuals,8 had normal,46 had mild,34 had moderatc,and the other 7 had severe Kupperman Index scores before operation,while 5 had normal,28 had mild,48 had moderate,and the other 14 had severe Kupperman Index scores after operation,with more moderate and severe climacteric symptoms after operation than before operation(P<0.05).Women of early menopause group had higher total Kupperman Index scores and symptom scores of sweating,insomnia,depression,fatigue and headache than those of late menopause group before operation(P<0.05).Women of early menopause group had significantly higher Kupperman Index scores after operation than before operation(23.93±7.53 vs 17.63±8.07,P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in total Kupperman Index scores in women of late menopause group before and after operation. Conclusion Bilateral ovariectomy may affect the climacteric symptoms in post-menopausal women,especially in early menopausal period.
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Objective To explore the diagnostic value of Reid Scores under colposcopy in cervical human papillomavirus (HPV)infection. Methods Cervical biopsy under colposcopy was carried out for cervical diseases in 528 patients.With pathological findings as criteria,the value of Reid Scores under colposcopy in diagnosis of HPV infection was analysed.Results The coincidence of Reid Scores under colposcopy in diagnosis of HPV infection and cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia(CIN)was 52.66%,with the sensitivity of 51.05%in diagnosis of low-grade cervical diseases(HPV infection and CIN I)and that of 66.67%in diagnosis of high-grade cervical diseases(CIN Ⅱ and CIN Ⅲ).For the patients with diagnosis of HPV infection examined by pathology,the scores of items of boundary,color and vessels were positively related to the total Reid Score,while the scores of items of boundary and color were not related to that of vessels. Conclusion There may exist clinical significance in diagnosis of HPV infection by colposcopy in combination with RCI Scores.
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Objective To investigate cervical screening procedure in routine physical examinations.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out to assess the procedures and outcomes of cervical cancer screening among women receiving physical examinations in our hospital from October 2008 to September 2009.ResultsA total of 11 542 women underwent gynecological examinations .Of them,13.55% only received TCT,6.60% finished TCT+HPV screening.The positive detection rate of TCT+HPV screening was higher than TCT alone(x2=15.87,P＜0.05).Conclusion Cervical cancer screening rate may be low.